This paper discusses the significance of OER, how it is measured, its problems and areas of oil losses in the milling process. It also reviews the use of OER as a management tool, offers a likely explanation on the current drop in OER together with some recommendations.

Milling in United Plantations (UP) Bhd is treated as a dynamic process. New innovations are continuously examined and improved techniques introduced. This paper discusses the milling process in UP Bhd covering factory control measures implemented as routine to maintain maximum efficiency under existing practical limitations.