The oil palm industry remains a cornerstone of Malaysia’s economy, contributing over RM109 billion in export earnings in 2024. Malaysia accounts for more than 31% of total global exports, with 5.8 million hectares of cultivated oil palm yielding 18.5 million tonnes of crude palm oil (CPO) (Parveez, 2025). Yet, this sector faces rising pressure from labour shortages, yield plateaus, and sustainability demands, hence driving a clear need for digitalisation and mechanisation in plantation operations.