High valued biochemicals can be harnessed from palm oil mill effluent (POME) via microbial process apart from bioenergy e.g. methane or hydrogen. The potential pollution source of POME can be transformed into business opportunities by recovering and utilising the readily available nutrients for microbial fermentation into various bio-products. This bioconversion pathway makes use of the nutrient rich organic residues in POME as a substrate for specific microorganisms to consume and grow while concurrently produce biomass and some of the targeted bio-products.